Enabling circular economy in used water management in India: a municipal index for assessing urban local bodies’ performance

This study develops and computes a first-of-its-kind municipal index for evaluating the performance of Indian urban local bodies (ULBs) in used water management. ULBs, being the main authorities responsible for managing urban domestic used water, are the focus of the index. Such an evaluation can provide them with information on areas that require improvement and enable them to formulate strategies to mainstream used water treatment and reuse in Indian cities.