Association between pregnancy loss and ambient PM2·5 using survey data in Africa: a longitudinal case-control study, 1998–2016

Increasing evidence from epidemiological studies suggests that maternal exposure to ambient PM2·5 can increase the risk of pregnancy loss. However, no studies have been done in low-income countries such as those in Africa, which have the highest incidences of pregnancy loss. In this study, we aimed to analyse the association between PM2·5 and pregnancy loss, including miscarriage and stillbirth.

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